In this paper an attempt is made to examine the efficiency of functioning of retail shopkeepers in the different provinces of country in context to using the electronic commercial system through utilizing the linear programming method. For this purpose, we applied the non parametric model viz-a-viz Data Enveloped Analysis Model and Mathematical Programming Method for rating and classifying the functioning efficiency of electronic transaction system of various provinces of Iran. Thus, we estimated the performance efficiency of different retail business units of 30 provinces by considering their receipts and payments flows and assuming two alternative hypothesis of constant return to scale and variable return to scale for the period 2009- 2010, quid pro qua.The results indicate prime facie that with first assumption, the provinces of Mazendran, Fars, Esfahan and Yazd achived the highest efficiency scores and with respect to second assumption, provinces of Zanjan, Tehran and North Khorasan enjoyed the highest efficiency compared to other provinces of Iran. As a result, based upon our findings, the Yazd province can be deemed as bearing a unique pattern among all provinces of Iran, and we recommend all inefficient provinces, to follow the Yazd province to improve their efficiency of electronic transaction system, sine qua non.

. In this study, in the form of development, a mathematical model for evaluating customers of a multi-product green supply chain is presented, while practical concepts such as customers are examined by considering green indices. The goals that we will address in this study include minimizing access time for the best customer orientation. One of the basic and important factors in attracting customers is timely delivery time. Another concept that will be examined in this research in the development of mathematical model is the delivery rate. Today, the scope of suppliers' activity in a supply chain includes a wide range of customer needs. Among these cases, upstream currents in the direction of the supplier and downstream currents in the direction of the consumer are considered. Among other things, pay attention to the delivery rate. In this study, three consumer segments are defined based on their buying behavior and green consumers, incompatible consumers and red consumers. A planning model proposed to optimize the supply chain network for a retailer is developed, which includes manufacturers, carriers, and distribution centers based on the green expectations of consumer sectors. In addition, a set of scenarios will be evaluated in order to understand the impact of a higher determinant level on this solution.

In this paper, a mathematical MODELING of nested hierarchical p-center problem is presented. In this model there are two levels of hierarchies and the first one should be passed to achieve the second level. The second level facility can provide both services of the first and the second level. This model is a linear integer mathematical programming model. To provide an application of the model, some simulated cases are investigated and resolved, the results show that using this model reduces the initial construction cost while the main objective which is maximum servicing distance will not be changed basically.for the large size problem using of metaheuristic algorithms is necessary so in this paper an algorithm based on the Particle swarm intelligence is proposed to solve the problem. Numerical results confirm efficiency of the algorithm.

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

Background and Aim: There are different methods of oral health education for child population. Theater show is a method that has not received enough attention until now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using theater show on dental health education in Yazd female elementary students.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi experimental study performed by using pre- and post-test method in Iran over the year 2004. One elementary school from each region of the city was selected. Twenty students from each grade of each school were included in the study (n=200). The information on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health were collected by using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and after theater show performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: This study showed that the theater show could improve knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice of children. The effect of the theater show on knowledge was more than attitude and was more on attitude than practice (P<0.001). Only literacy on the part of mothers was significantly correlated with practice (P=0.021). There were significant correlations between Knowledge (P=0.020), Attitude (P=0.0001) and oral health Practice (P=0.022) with students' grade level.Conclusion: This study showed that using theater show for oral health education, could improve the oral health related knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice by elementary school students.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

A B S T R A C TFor choosing suitable place multiple methods are introduced, which examine the qualities, methods and patterns of location selection. The current methods use global approach and do not pay attention to spatial differences, environmental variation in variables, local changes modeled by local weighting indicators. It has been selected as a case study to evaluate the EMS center of Fars province and to evaluate the indicators of distance from the power plant, distance from logistics centers, industries, transportation terminals, hospitals, hotels and tourism, cities, rural areas and custom centers. has been used, using the AHP method to weight the qualities, and then for local weights, non-overlapping neighborhood filtering within a radius of 25 km are used and calculate the corresponding changes, quantity, ratio Presented in this article, the obtained weights, then the compute local weighted layers, and then local weight was multiplied in the normalized layers and the final layer were obtained. In the next step, it was combined and calculated to compare the data using the global method. The results of the two methods were transferred to the points of the EMS and the results were analyzedExtended AbstractIntroductionIn geographical studies and spatial planning, there are different approaches to choosing the right place for all kinds of applications and uses, and a process is followed to choose the best places. This process includes stating the research problem (cognition), choosing the criteria and preferences of decision makers and how to determine the weight of indicators, combining criteria (design) and finally, choosing the best option. In the current methods of spatial decision, the criteria are given a fixed weight, while in geographical locations, the distribution of geographical phenomena is not uniform. In this case, attention should be paid to the spatial distribution pattern of geographical phenomena based on the principle of sensitivity of the range of changes, the size of the range of changes affects the outputs, and the data with a smaller range of changes also have a lesser effect on the output. The data with a larger range of changes will have a more significant effect on the output. Therefore, in spatial analysis, indicators that have small changes are less important. Local models have been presented to model local changes in spatial multi-criteria decision-making; in this research, the main issue is how to model the local changes that affect the expected outputs. MethodologyThe research process is based on multi-criteria spatial decision-making methods (national and local). First, spatial patterns of indicators were analyzed through exploratory analyzes of ESDA spatial data. Then based on the review of the research criteria, the direct weighting method was used to calculate the weight of the indicators, and the experts were asked to specify the weight of the criteria in the range of 1 to 10. The opinions were combined, and the final weight was obtained. First, the data were spatially modelled to model and calculate the local weights. Then Block Statistics spatial filter without overlap was used to determine the neighborhood. The range of local changes, maximum and minimum values, were calculated, and local weights were obtained based on that. Finally, the information layers were descaled. After that, the unscaled criterion layers were multiplied by the national weights and the final national scores were obtained. In the next step, the data of the evaluated information layers (local and national) were transferred to the points of emergency databases. Based on the analysis, the fit was done. Results and discussionGeneral or global weights pay attention to the relative importance of indicators, which is the starting point for calculating local weights. Based on the research results, the most critical indicators are industries, cities and hospitals, which are more important in the location of road emergency stations. However, in order to achieve better results, it is necessary to build a local weight layer. The results of the research show that the indicators' weight and the difference in the criteria (general weight) are not equal in the entire geographical area, and the areas with a larger range of changes have a higher coefficient.Because, unlike general weights that are obtained based on different methods, local weights are estimated based on the principle of sensitivity of the range of changes and are changed spatially, and a fixed value is not considered for all areas. According to the research findings, the highest level in the general and local evaluation method corresponds to 0.5 to 0.7. Based on the local (geographic) weight method, it is less than the national or general method in the range of 0.9 to 1. Furthermore, this is due to the more precise nature of this method, which models the effects of local changes. To evaluate the compliance of the emergency centers with the final maps of suitability assessment, the information on the suitability maps was transferred to the map of the emergency center points of Fars province. Based on the evaluation of 207 emergency stations, according to the general method, 14 percent are in the high group (0.9-1), and according to the local or geographical method (16.9), percent are in this group. ConclusionAt the level of space and geographical regions, phenomena and geographical complications are not uniformly distributed, some phenomena have a homogeneous distribution, and some have a heterogeneous distribution. On the one hand, the phenomena and decision issues are affected by the context in which they are formed and evolve; on the other hand, these phenomena are placed in the network of mutual relations. Furthermore, the results of the set of phenomena may differ from the results of the phenomena individually and separately; in this article, an attempt has been made to address the issue that in spatial analysis and planning, it is necessary to pay attention to geographical differences in decision-making. Furthermore, it should not be evaluated in general terms of spatial decision problems; one of the methods of modelling these differences and spatial changes is to consider the local weight of the criteria. Based on the research findings, local (geographical) and national analysis results are different and can better show these changes. On the other hand, the pattern of spatial differences also has its spatial pattern, and paying attention to these differences in spatial differences can be the subject of further studies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive structural MODELING (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive Structural MODELING (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

Morpho-cytological patterns of juvenile Acipenser persicus on basis of structure, size and distribution of kidney nephrons were studied. Sampling of head, body and caudal parts of the kidney in the fish aged 1 and 2 years were carried out (3 specimens of each age). Area, length and small diameter of nephron cells were measured by light microscope and Biocome Visolab software. We observed the kidney of A. persicus consisting of: Glomeruls, Bowman's capsule, Proximal, Distal and Collecting tubule. The statistical analyzes showed no significant difference in the area, length and small diameter between the two ages. Furthermore, the results showed that the average area in 1 and 2 year old fish were 4004.28±2486.63 and 4614.64±1261.69 mm in proximal cells, 2529.75±1015.51 and 4747.33±1676.03 mm in distal cells, 2220.98±1668.87 and 3253.48±1747.25 mm in collecting tubules, 4692.37±1739.79 and 9355.37±2073.92 mm in Glomeruls, 6768.23±1640.54 and 129210.07±1775.76 mm in Bowman's capsule, respectively. The average length and small diameter in 1 and 2 years old fish were 84.75±24.99, 53.52±14.03 and 82.76±7.46, 66.00±7.37 mm in proximal cells, 72.98±16.28, 51.10±15.00 and 77.95±9.43, 64.57±8.34 mm in distal cells, 60.52±13.69, 49.02±12.60 and 66.40±12.21, 57.40±14.20 mm in collecting tubules, 94.70±16.97, 72.78±12.75 and 129.04±23.59, 96.60±18.88 mm in Glomerules, 120.99±14.86, 80.77±9.78 and 144.76±21.12, 107.56±21.53 mm in Bowman's capsule, respectively. In all cases, no significant differences were found between measured cell of the 1 and 2 year old fish (P>0.05). Also, the MODELING showed the kidney of A. persicus was Y shaped in which the distribution of different cells is not homogenous in all sections of the kidney.